如何在VPS上使用命令行安装常用软件和服务？

VPS命令安装全攻略：如何通过命令行高效部署服务器环境？

VPS命令安装的主要步骤

详细操作流程

步骤1：连接VPS服务器

# 连接VPS服务器的命令格式
ssh username@serveripaddress
实际示例
ssh root@192.168.1.100

Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.4.0-42-generic x8664)

Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

Last login: Fri Oct 31 14:25:38 2025 from 123.123.123.123
root@vps:~# 

# 对于Debian/Ubuntu系统
apt update && apt upgrade -y
对于CentOS/RHEL系统
yum update -y
对于较新的CentOS/Fedora系统
dnf update -y

root@vps:~# apt update
Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [114 kB]
...
Fetched 5,243 kB in 3s (1,747 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
root@vps:~# apt upgrade -y
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
...
The following packages will be upgraded:
  curl libcurl4 openssl
3 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,284 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.

# 安装常用工具集
apt install -y curl wget vim htop net-tools
验证安装是否成功
curl --version
wget --version

root@vps:~# apt install -y curl wget vim htop net-tools
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  curl wget vim htop net-tools
0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 4.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 16.8 MB of additional disk space will be used.
...
Setting up curl (7.68.0-1ubuntu2.14) ...
Setting up wget (1.20.3-1ubuntu2) ...

# 安装Nginx
apt install -y nginx
启动Nginx服务
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx
检查服务状态
systemctl status nginx

root@vps:~# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2025-10-31 14:30:25 UTC; 10s ago
     Docs: man:nginx(8)
 Main PID: 1234 (nginx)
    Tasks: 2 (limit: 1137)
   Memory: 4.3M
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─1234 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; masterprocess on;
           └─1235 nginx: worker process

步骤5：安装数据库服务

# 安装MariaDB服务器
apt install -y mariadb-server
运行安全安装脚本
mysqlsecureinstallation
启动数据库服务
systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb

root@vps:~# mysqlsecureinstallation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
Enter current password for root (enter for none): [直接回车]
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Set root password? [Y/n] Y
New password: [输入密码]
Re-enter new password: [再次输入密码]
Password updated successfully!

步骤6：配置防火墙

# 启用防火墙
ufw enable
允许SSH连接
ufw allow ssh
允许HTTP和HTTPS流量
ufw allow http
ufw allow https
检查防火墙状态
ufw status

root@vps:~# ufw status
Status: active
To                         Action      From
--                         ------      ----
22/tcp                     ALLOW       Anywhere
80/tcp                     ALLOW       Anywhere
443/tcp                    ALLOW       Anywhere
22/tcp (v6)                ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)
80/tcp (v6)                ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)
443/tcp (v6)               ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)

常见问题与解决方案

通过掌握这些VPS命令安装的基本操作，你可以快速部署和管理服务器环境，为网站或应用程序提供稳定的运行平台。记住在实际操作前备份重要数据，并仔细阅读每个命令的说明文档。