如何从零开始学习VPS的使用？

从零基础到精通VPS的完整指南

VPS基础知识概述

VPS使用主要步骤

详细操作流程

步骤1：连接VPS服务器

# SSH连接命令示例
ssh root@yourserverip
首次连接时会显示指纹验证
The authenticity of host 'yourserverip (yourserverip)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
输入密码后进入服务器
Warning: Permanently added 'yourserverip' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@yourserverip's password: 
Last login: Mon Nov  1 05:30:15 2025 from clientip
[root@vps ~]#

# 更新系统软件包
yum update -y  # CentOS/RHEL
或
apt update && apt upgrade -y  # Ubuntu/Debian
设置时区为上海
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
查看当前时区确认设置
timedatectl status
输出示例
               Local time: Sat 2025-11-01 06:00:13 CST
           Universal time: Sat 2025-11-01 22:00:13 UTC
                 RTC time: Sat 2025-11-01 22:00:13
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: active
          RTC in local TZ: no

# Ubuntu/Debian 安装示例
apt install nginx -y
apt install mysql-server -y
apt install php-fpm php-mysql -y
启动服务并设置开机自启
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl start mysql
systemctl enable mysql
systemctl start php8.1-fpm
systemctl enable php8.1-fpm
检查服务状态
systemctl status nginx
systemctl status mysql
systemctl status php8.1-fpm

# 安装并配置UFW防火墙
apt install ufw -y
允许SSH连接
ufw allow ssh
允许HTTP和HTTPS
ufw allow 80/tcp
ufw allow 443/tcp
启用防火墙
ufw enable
修改SSH配置文件
nano /etc/ssh/sshdconfig
在文件中修改以下参数
Port 2222  # 更改默认SSH端口
PermitRootLogin no  # 禁止root直接登录
PasswordAuthentication no  # 强制使用密钥登录

步骤5：部署应用程序

# 使用SCP上传本地文件到服务器
scp -P 2222 /local/path/to/website.tar.gz user@yourserverip:/var/www/html/
在服务器上解压文件
cd /var/www/html/
tar -xzf website.tar.gz
设置正确的文件权限
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/
chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/

常见问题与解决方案

进阶配置建议